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Introduction The Bible is not just a book to be studied; it is the living and active Word of God that speaks into the very fabric of our lives. Over the years, I have encountered Scripture in ways that have not only deepened my faith but also transformed how I see God, myself, and the world. This paper highlights some of those moments of transformation—where a fresh interpretation of Scripture gave new insight and led to spiritual renewal. From childhood Bible stories to more complex theological engagement, the Bible continues to speak with power and relevance. From Story to Revelation: Joseph’s Story as My Story As a child, the story of Joseph in Genesis 37–50 captivated my imagination. It had everything—sibling rivalry, betrayal, imprisonment, dreams, and eventual triumph. Joseph, the dreamer turned ruler, became a personal hero whose story I could retell word for word in Sunday school. However, it wasn’t until I revisited this narrative as an adult, especially during a season of personal hardship, that the story came alive in a new way. I had faced betrayal by people I trusted and found myself in a metaphorical “prison”—not of stone and bars, but of confusion, disappointment, and spiritual exhaustion. In those moments, I turned again to the story of Joseph. Reading it with fresh eyes, I began to see layers I had missed before. The story was not just about personal promotion but about divine providence. “You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives.” — Genesis 50:20 (NIV) This verse redefined my suffering. It was not random. God was present in the pit, the prison, and the palace. The very pain I was experiencing could be redemptive. That revelation didn’t just comfort me; it empowered me. It gave my suffering a purpose. Joseph’s story became more than inspiration—it became theology. In God’s economy, no experience is wasted. That fresh interpretation deepened my trust in God’s sovereignty and encouraged me to hold on, even when I could not see the end of the story. Joseph’s Life as a Type of Christ Joseph’s life can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ: Joseph and Prophetic Fulfillment Joseph’s story aligns with the broader narrative of God’s covenant. His life anticipates the fulfillment of prophecy and the coming of Christ. The parallels extend into Revelation, where themes of suffering, exaltation, and salvation are echoed (cf. Revelation 5:5–10). Joseph and Providential Theology Joseph exemplifies divine providence in adversity. Despite injustice, he remained faithful, and God used his trials to fulfill His redemptive purposes. This affirms a central tenet of theodicy: God can use suffering for ultimate good. A New Yoke: Rethinking Matthew 11:28–30 Another passage that radically shaped my faith is Matthew 11:28–30 (NIV): “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me…” Initially, I viewed this as an invitation to rest from sin and life’s challenges. But during a season of ministry burnout, the word “yoke” took on new meaning. Studying its cultural context, I discovered Jesus wasn’t offering freedom from work but a better kind of work—alignment with Him. A yoke is a tool for labor, but Jesus promises one that is “easy” and a burden that is “light.” The contrast is with the weight of legalism and self-reliance (cf. Galatians 5:1). This realization transformed my understanding of grace—not just as pardon, but as empowerment. “I had taken on burdens God never gave me. Rest wasn’t about doing less but about doing life with Christ.” Then came a fresh layer of insight: What is in His burden that makes it light and gives me peace? The Holy Spirit opened my heart: This interpretive journey deepened my faith and led me to greater spiritual formation, aligning with Christ in both mission and rest. A Fresh Interpretation of Romans 8:28 Romans 8:28 (NIV) declares: “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” At first, I interpreted this verse as a blanket promise that God would turn my pain into personal gain. But deeper study brought richer theological clarity. Paul’s statement cannot be divorced from verse 29: “For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son.” The “good” is not material comfort, but Christlikeness. God uses all things—joys and trials—to make us more like Jesus. This revealed to me that Romans 8:28 is ultimately about sanctification, not circumstantial success. Moreover, this “good” is part of God’s eternal redemptive plan. It ties into soteriology—the doctrine of salvation—and affirms that God’s sovereignty governs even our suffering. My perspective shifted from expecting God to fix my problems to trusting Him to form my character through them. “The Bible doesn’t just offer comfort; it invites us into deeper discipleship and a clearer view of God’s eternal purposes.” The Joy of Interpretation What excites me most spiritually about interpreting Scripture well is the transformation that comes with it. Each new discovery feels like opening a treasure chest—shaping my theology, correcting my assumptions, and deepening my love for God. “Interpreting Scripture draws me closer to God’s heart and equips me to lead others more faithfully.” Through rightly dividing the Word, I grow not only in knowledge but in Christlike character. This is the joy and calling of the theological journey. Conclusion These interpretive encounters have not merely informed my theology—they have formed my faith. They have turned the Bible from a textbook into a treasure. Whether it’s finding purpose in Joseph’s suffering, freedom in Christ’s yoke, or maturity in God’s providence, Scripture continues to be a well that never runs dry. “To know God through His Word is the highest privilege, and to be changed by that Word is the greatest joy of all.” As I continue this journey of interpreting the Bible, I

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation Biblical Foundation for Understanding Context Abstract This paper explores three biblical passages, Acts 17:16-34, 1 Corinthians 9:19-23, and John 4:1-42, that provide a robust theological foundation for why understanding personal, contextual, and cultural constructs should shape the way we present the Gospel. This study argues that cultural awareness is essential for faithful and effective Gospel communication. It draws on insights from reputable theological commentaries and integrates theological frameworks such as incarnational theology and Missio Dei (the mission of God). It also examines the theological themes of the incarnation, the Kingdom of God, and the church’s role as a bridge between divine truth and human culture. Finally, this paper reflects on the implications for ministry and provides practical recommendations for contemporary Gospel communication. Introduction The message of the Gospel is timeless and universal, yet its communication must engage with its audience’s personal, cultural, and contextual realities. Scripture provides a compelling model for how the people of God can translate divine truth into diverse cultural frameworks without compromising the integrity of the message. This paper examines three foundational biblical passages to explore how contextual sensitivity enhances Gospel communication: 1. Acts 17:16-34 – Paul’s sermon at the Areopagus. 2. 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 – Paul’s commitment to becoming “all things to all people.” 3. John 4:1-42 – Jesus’ encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well. Through theological analysis and reflection, this paper emphasizes that contextualization is not merely a practical strategy but a theological imperative rooted in the very nature of God’s mission. 1. Acts 17:16-34 – Paul in Athens: Engaging Philosophical and Religious Worldviews Context and Background Paul’s sermon to the Greek philosophers in Athens, condensed into 11 verses (Acts 17:16-34), offers a compelling and practical demonstration of contextualization in Gospel communication.The narrative of Paul’s missionary journeys begins in Acts 13 when the Holy Spirit commissions him and Barnabas for their first evangelistic mission. Their strategy was to proclaim the Gospel first in Jewish synagogues. However, this approach often led to severe opposition, including Paul being stoned and left for dead (Acts 14:19). Despite the hardships, Paul remained resolute in his mission.The speech at the Areopagus takes place during Paul’s second missionary journey. This journey expanded beyond Jewish communities to include Gentile territories. After being beaten and imprisoned in Philippi (Acts 16:23) and encountering intense persecution in Thessalonica and Berea (Acts 17:1-15), Paul was sent to Athens for his safety while waiting for Silas and Timothy.By this period, Athens was no longer a political powerhouse but remained a cultural and intellectual hub. The city’s philosophical traditions and devotion to religious practices made it an ideal setting for Paul’s engagement. Observing the city’s pervasive idolatry, Paul was “deeply distressed” (Acts 17:16) and began reasoning with Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogues and the agora (marketplace). This public discourse caught the attention of the city’s intellectual elites—specifically the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers—who invited him to present his “new teaching” at the Areopagus. Historical Background Athens was renowned for its intellectual heritage, particularly its philosophical schools. According to the IVP New Testament Commentary Series, although Athens declined politically after being conquered by Rome in 146 B.C., it retained its cultural influence. Because of its illustrious past, it was granted the status of a “free city.”J.C. Ryle, the first Anglican Bishop of Liverpool, emphasizes the city’s pervasive idolatry:”Idols met his eyes in every street. The temples of idol gods and goddesses occupied every prominent position. The magnificent statue of Minerva, at least forty feet high, towered above the Acropolis. The Athenians surpassed all states in their attention to the worship of the gods.”Athens was also a haven for philosophical inquiry. Paul’s audience included Epicureans and Stoics, two dominant schools of thought: • Epicureanism: Founded by Epicurus, this philosophy pursued happiness through moderate pleasure and the absence of pain. It rejected divine intervention in human affairs. • Stoicism: Founded by Zeno of Citium, Stoicism emphasized rationality, self-control, and living in harmony with the natural order, which they believed was governed by divine Reason (Logos).Paul’s engagement with these intellectual traditions demonstrates a strategic use of cultural awareness to present the Gospel effectively. Exegesis and Analysis 1. Cultural Awareness as a Bridge Paul begins by acknowledging the Athenians’ spiritual curiosity: “I perceive that in every way you are very religious” (Acts 17:22, ESV). Rather than condemning their idolatry outright, Paul affirms their quest for the divine. This rhetorical strategy reflects a contextual sensitivity that values his audience’s cultural and spiritual frameworks. Paul models what missiologist Paul Hiebert calls “critical contextualization”—engaging culture thoughtfully while maintaining theological integrity. 2. Engaging Cultural Artifacts Paul uses an altar inscribed “To an unknown god” (Acts 17:23) as a theological bridge. F.F. Bruce observes that Paul’s reference to this altar allows him to transform a pagan artifact into a doorway for proclaiming the true God (The Book of Acts). This method exemplifies how cultural objects can serve as contact points for Gospel engagement. 3. Quoting Cultural Authorities Paul further contextualizes his message by quoting Greek poets: “For in him we live and move and have our being” (Acts 17:28). By referencing poets like Epimenides and Aratus, Paul validates aspects of their cultural wisdom while redirecting it toward the truth of the Christian Gospel. As Ben Witherington III notes, Paul does not dismiss Greek thought but filters it through the lens of divine revelation (The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary). 4. Theological Themes: The Sovereignty of God Paul emphasizes that God is the Creator who transcends human temples (Acts 17:24) and governs all nations (Acts 17:26). This directly challenges the Greek belief in localized deities. The doctrine of God’s sovereignty, as reflected in Isaiah 45:5, underscores that God is universal and accessible to all people. 5. Contextualization: Paul’s speech is a prime example of contextualization, where the messenger adapts the message to the audience’s cultural and intellectual framework. 6. Cultural Sensitivity: Paul’s approach demonstrates a deep respect for the Athenians’ cultural achievements and spiritual seeking. 7. Theological

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation Preparing for Gospel Presentation – New Testament Introduction Ephesians 4 presents a powerful vision for the Christian life, emphasizing unity, spiritual maturity, and transformation through Christ. Written by Paul while in prison, this chapter serves as a practical application of the theological foundation laid in Ephesians 1-3. Paul urges believers to live worthy of their calling by fostering unity, growing in maturity, and embracing their new identity in Christ Exegetical Analysis of Ephesians 4 1. The Call to Unity (Ephesians 4:1-6) Paul begins by urging believers to “walk worthy of the calling” (4:1). He lists essential qualities for unity: humility, gentleness, patience, and love (4:2). These traits create a foundation for unity among believers. “I… urge you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love.” (Ephesians 4:1-2) Theological Significance “There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call—one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.” (Ephesians 4:4-6) Gospel Implication Just as salvation is the work of the triune God, the Church’s unity reflects the character of God Himself. 2. Christ’s Gift to the Church (Ephesians 4:7-16) Paul explains that Christ has given spiritual gifts to believers to equip the Church (4:7-12). He references Psalm 68:18, interpreting Christ’s ascension as His victory over sin and death, after which He distributes gifts to His people. “But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift.” (Ephesians 4:7) Key Offices in the Church “And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.” (Ephesians 4:11-12) Spiritual Growth “…we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.” (Ephesians 4:15) Gospel Connection Christ is the head of the Church, holding all things together (4:16). Believers grow in Him, becoming more like Christ, who unifies and strengthens His body. “…from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.” (Ephesians 4:16) (Ephesians 4:7-16) Paul explains that Christ has given spiritual gifts to believers to equip the Church (4:7-12). He references Psalm 68:18, interpreting Christ’s ascension as His victory over sin and death, after which He distributes gifts to His people. “But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift.” (Ephesians 4:7) Key Offices in the Church “And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.” (Ephesians 4:11-12) Spiritual Growth “…we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.” (Ephesians 4:15) Gospel Connection Christ is the head of the Church, holding all things together (4:16). Believers grow in Him, becoming more like Christ, who unifies and strengthens His body. “…from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.” (Ephesians 4:16) . 3. The New Life in Christ (Ephesians 4:17-32) Paul contrasts the old way of life with the new identity in Christ. The Old Self (4:17-19) “Now this I say and testify in the Lord, that you must no longer walk as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their minds. They are darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, due to their hardness of heart.” (Ephesians 4:17-18) The New Self (4:20-24) “…to put off your old self, which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires, and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, and to put on the new self, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness.” (Ephesians 4:22-24) Practical Transformation “Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear.” (Ephesians 4:29) “Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.” (Ephesians 4:32) Gospel Connection The transformation of believers reflects the work of the Holy Spirit. Forgiveness and renewal come through Christ’s redemptive work. Conclusion Ephesians 4 calls believers to live out the gospel by maintaining unity, growing in Christ, and embodying a new life of righteousness. This passage serves as a foundation for discipleship, encouraging the Church to reflect Christ’s love and truth in every aspect of life. Scholarly Sources for Ephesians 4

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation (Standard Path) 034 God’s Heart for Foreigners, Immigrants, and Refugees Introduction In a world where borders often divide us, the Bible calls us to see foreigners, immigrants, and refugees through the lens of God’s love and justice. After reading some Bible verses and watching the documentary The Stranger, I felt moved by how God wants us to treat foreigners and refugees. Here’s what I’ve learned about His heart for the stranger. Biblical Foundations The Bible teaches us to be kind and fair to immigrants. In Exodus 23:9, we’re reminded: “Do not oppress a foreigner; you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners, because you were foreigners in Egypt.” This verse calls us to empathy, reminding us that we, too, were once strangers in a foreign land. Similarly, Leviticus 19:33-34 commands us: “When a foreigner resides among you in your land, do not mistreat them. The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native-born. Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt.” This command to love immigrants as ourselves is a powerful reminder of God’s heart for justice and compassion. In Matthew 25:35, Jesus speaks directly to the heart of hospitality: “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in.” This verse connects our treatment of immigrants to our relationship with Christ Himself. And Hebrews 13:2 reminds us: “Do not forget to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have shown hospitality to angels without knowing it.”  This reminds us that every act of kindness toward a stranger is an opportunity to reflect God’s love. “Love the foreigner as yourself, for you were once foreigners in Egypt.” —Leviticus 19:34 . Insights from The Stranger Documentary The documentary The Stranger shared the stories of three immigrant families who are evangelical Christians. Their experiences humanized the immigration debate for me. These families are not just statistics or political issues—they are real people, created in God’s image, with hopes, dreams, and struggles. “Immigrants are not just numbers or legal issues; they are people made in God’s image.” One story that stood out to me was of a family who fled violence in their home country, seeking safety and a better future for their children. Their faith in God remained strong, even in the face of uncertainty and hardship. This challenged me to see immigrants not as “others” but as brothers and sisters in Christ. Conversations with My Mentor Discussing these ideas with my mentor helped me process what I was learning. We talked about how God calls us to challenge our biases and respond to immigration with compassion, justice, and hospitality. We acknowledged that immigration is a complex issue, but we agreed that as Christians, our response must be rooted in love. My mentor encouraged me to think about practical ways I can support immigrants in my community, whether through advocacy, volunteering, or simply building relationships. “Immigration is complicated, but our response must be rooted in compassion, justice, and hospitality.” Personal Commitment and Call to Action Reflecting on God’s heart for immigrants has motivated me to take action. I am committed to: “I am committed to advocating for policies that reflect God’s love and kindness for the stranger.” Reflection Questions Conclusion & Call-to-Action My understanding of how God views foreigners, immigrants, and refugees has grown significantly through this study. I am reminded that every person is made in God’s image and deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. As I move forward, I am committed to living out God’s call to love and welcome strangers. I hope to inspire others to do the same, so together, we can reflect God’s love and kindness to the world. “How will you respond to God’s call to welcome the stranger? Share your thoughts or actions in the comments below!” References The Bible. (2011). New International Version. Biblica, Inc. The Stranger documentary.

How Intentional Inclusion Transforms Lives and Ministry “In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, the intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives is not just a progressive idea—it is an essential practice for personal growth, ministry, and societal harmony.” Introduction In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, the intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives is not just a progressive idea—it is an essential practice for personal growth, ministry, and societal harmony. As we step into a world that is as diverse as it is interconnected, we are given the opportunity to encounter and embrace new perspectives that have the potential to broaden our understanding of humanity. The concept of cultural diversity is not new, as it has roots deeply embedded in human history. From the time of the Tower of Babel, where language and cultural differences were a direct result of divine intervention, to the present day, the heterogeneity of human cultures has shaped our world. In Genesis 11, God intentionally scattered the people, creating the mosaic of diverse cultures, each reflecting different aspects of His creative power. It is from this historical and theological backdrop that the importance of cultural inclusivity in our personal and spiritual lives emerges. As the world continues to evolve, the voices of leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. remind us that, “We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same boat now.” This powerful truth calls us to recognize that despite our varied cultural backgrounds, we are all connected and share a common humanity. Similarly, Malala Yousafzai once said, “We realize the importance of our voices only when we are silenced.” This quote challenges us to ensure that all voices, particularly those from marginalized or overlooked cultures, are heard and valued. Maya Angelou beautifully states, “We all should know that diversity makes for a rich tapestry, and we must understand that all the threads of the tapestry are equal in value.” In the same vein, the Christian community is called to honor diversity as a strength, not a division. Cultural diversity and inclusivity are key to building not only personal relationships but also strong, unified communities, both within and outside of the Church. Embracing the beauty of different cultural perspectives enriches our understanding of others and enhances the Kingdom of God. The early Church was a testament to the power of diversity, as believers from different nations, languages, and backgrounds gathered together to share in the life of Christ. However, this inclusivity has not always been without tension. From biblical times through the Middle Ages and into the modern era, history reveals the challenges that have emerged when cultures, ideas, and practices collide. Figures like Martin Luther King Jr., as well as others such as Malala Yousafzai and Maya Angelou, have bravely fought for the inclusion of marginalized voices, advocating for a world where diversity is celebrated rather than feared. Table of Contents Section 1: Intentional Inclusion of Cultural Perspectives Intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives isn’t a passive undertaking; it requires deliberate effort and open-mindedness. In my own life, the importance of culturally inclusive practices became evident during my travels to diverse communities, my participation in multicultural ministry efforts, and my work in local community outreach. Each encounter presented opportunities to learn and grow, not by simply observing but by actively engaging in the lives of others. In my ministry, cultural inclusivity was not just a concept—it was a core part of the work. Whether collaborating with people from different cultural backgrounds or offering a welcoming space for diverse voices, the ministry setting I worked in was marked by its multicultural makeup. One significant example was a mission trip to a village where the people’s customs and worldview were radically different from my own. In this setting, I had to learn quickly not only the language of the people but also the nuances of their social norms, religious beliefs, and family dynamics. Each conversation, every shared meal, and every worship service was an invitation to view the world through someone else’s eyes, and in doing so, I was able to enrich my understanding of the Gospel’s universality. Section 2: Benefits of Including Cultural Perspectives Enriched Personal Relationships:When we intentionally include cultural perspectives in our lives, the bonds we form with others become deeper and more meaningful. These relationships are no longer based solely on surface-level commonalities but on shared experiences and mutual respect. Through my interactions with people from various cultures, I discovered the value of listening deeply, understanding through the lens of their life experiences, and, most importantly, breaking down barriers of misunderstanding. One of the most profound examples was a friendship I forged with a fellow ministry leader from a different culture. Despite the differences in our backgrounds, our shared commitment to faith and service allowed us to build a strong, supportive relationship that transcended cultural boundaries. Broader Worldview and Greater Compassion:Exposure to diverse worldviews and ways of life broadens our perspective on what it means to be human. For example, engaging with a community where poverty was prevalent but contentment was palpable challenged my preconceived notions about wealth and happiness. I learned that the human need for connection, purpose, and love transcends cultural and material differences. This realization deepened my compassion for those in need, encouraging me to view every individual not through the lens of their socio-economic status but as a person of inherent worth and dignity. Improved Communication Skills:In cross-cultural contexts, communication is not just about words—it’s about understanding the unspoken, the nuances of body language, tone, and social cues. One of the greatest challenges I faced was adapting to different forms of communication, but it was also one of the greatest opportunities for growth. Whether it was learning to respect silence as a form of expression or understanding the importance of eye contact in different cultures, these experiences helped me develop stronger communication skills that served me both in ministry and in everyday life. Spiritual Enrichment:The encounter with diverse expressions of faith and worship was perhaps

“Have you ever wondered what it’s like to live in a culture untouched by modernity? Join me as I recount my transformative journey among the Koma people—a tribe that taught me the true meaning of community, simplicity, and faith.” Adeleye M Oni Table of Contents The Journey To Koma Hills I still remember the day missionaries visited our school fellowship during my secondary school days. The sun beat down on the rusty corrugated iron roof of our auditorium, casting a warm glow over the rows of curious students. It was amidst this familiar backdrop that I first heard the stories of the Koma people. During one such visit, we heard stories about a people group in Koma Hills, Adamawa State, Nigeria, who still practiced nudity in a world increasingly shaped by modernity. This unusual practice fascinated me. What I found particularly intriguing was how the Koma people could thrive in a world so vastly different from my own, where the comforts and familiarity of modern life were nowhere to be found. The missionaries shared stories about the Koma people’s unique way of life, . What I found particularly intriguing was how the Koma people could thrive in a world so vastly different from my own, where the comforts and familiarity of modern life were nowhere to be found. Adeleye M Oni The seed planted in my heart during those secondary school days lay dormant for years, until it was rekindled at a youth camp. It was there that I stumbled upon a circular inviting volunteers for a one-month mission trip to Koma Hills. As soon as I saw it, As I read the circular, a shiver ran down my spine. It was as if the stories I had heard years ago came flooding back, and I felt an inexplicable sense of connection to this mysterious place and its people. My heart racing with anticipation, I knew I had to be a part of this journey. Here was the opportunity to meet the very people whose stories had lingered in my mind all those years ago. Driven by a sense of purpose and insatiable curiosity, I signed up for the trip, eager to experience the Koma people’s way of life firsthand and gain a deeper understanding of their culture beyond the stories I had heard. As we prepared for the trip, our team went through weeks of prayer and fasting, seeking spiritual and physical readiness for the journey. We had the medical and teaching team. I was assigned to the teaching team, which meant that I would spend much of my time interacting with the Koma people, sharing teachings and preaching. As I contemplated my role on the teaching team, a mix of emotions swirled within me. I felt a thrill of anticipation, knowing that I would be sharing teachings and preaching to the Koma people. At the same time, a sense of duty settled upon me, reminding me of the weight of responsibility that came with this opportunity. . Chapter 3: Arrival and First Impressions We took off from Minna, the capital of Niger State, Nigeria, to Yola, the capital of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The trip lasted for two days. Then from Yola to Koma Hills took us another three days’ journey. We crossed a total of ten rivers. The journey to Koma Hills was physically demanding, taking us several days through rugged terrain and crossing numerous rivers, but every challenge along the way felt like part of the mission. The journey was grueling, and there were times when I felt like giving up. But my passion for sharing the Gospel and experiencing new cultures kept me going. Even when we encountered deadly snakes, I persevered, knowing that this experience was worth the challenges. True to it by the time we reached Koma Hills, I knew this was more than just a trip—it was an experience that would challenge and shape me. Our Arrival After days of traveling through rugged terrain, we finally arrived at Koma Hills late in the evening. As we highlighted from the motorcycle that brought us, the wind howled, blowing away the mission camp. We quickly sprang into action, setting up a makeshift shelter to protect ourselves from the elements. Although I was tired, it reminded me of how the patriarchs of faith were said to set up tents as they sojourned during their time. The many teachings I was taught when I was in Sunday School about being pilgrims on earth came rushing back. Customarily, when I arrive at a new place, I can’t sleep; it takes a while to acclimatize. But as I was thoroughly tired, I slept off. As I emerged from my tent at 3 AM, I saw figures standing on the cliff, their silhouettes illuminated by the flickering flames of a fire that crackled and spat in the darkness. The fire cast a warm, golden glow on the surrounding rocks, and the smell of wood smoke and damp earth wafted through the air, transporting me to a place both familiar and unknown. They stood vigilant, their eyes scanning the horizon. I later learned that these were the soldiers who kept watch over the community, ever ready to defend against potential threats. This reminded me of the watchmen in the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah. It also reminded me of the five wise virgins who had their lamps burning, emphasizing the importance of vigilance. I saw figures standing on the cliff, their silhouettes illuminated by the flickering flames of a fire that crackled and spat in the darkness. Adeleye M Oni Chapter 4: The History, Culture, and Traditions of the Koma People The Koma people’s unique culture and traditions are a fascinating aspect of their identity. To truly understand this enigmatic tribe, it’s essential to delve into their rich cultural heritage. The Koma people are an indigenous hill-dwelling ethnic group residing in the Alantika Mountains of northern Adamawa State, Nigeria, and in Northern Cameroon. Their official discovery in 1986 by a

Project 2 Caring for Others: A Journey of Growth and Transformation Introduction: The Heart of Caregiving Overview: Highlight the timeless and universal act of caregiving, emphasizing its presence in history, religious traditions, and contemporary society. Caregiving is a timeless act central to human societies throughout history. In medieval times, religious institutions often carried out caregiving, where monks and nuns provided shelter, healing, and compassion to the sick and needy. The Bible, too, offers profound examples of caregiving, such as the story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), which highlights the call to care for others regardless of personal cost. These narratives show that caregiving is about meeting physical needs and embodying love, mercy, and empathy. In contemporary society, caregiving has taken on diverse forms, from professional roles in healthcare to informal acts of support among friends and family. While the contexts have changed, the essence of caregiving remains the same—a deep connection to our shared humanity. It is an act that transcends cultural, temporal, and social barriers, reminding us of our interdependence. From a leadership perspective, caregiving is more than a personal virtue; it is an essential skill. Effective leaders recognize the importance of emotional intelligence, empathy, and the ability to support others through difficult times. Leadership is not just about guiding people toward goals; it is also about being present in moments of vulnerability and providing a foundation of trust and encouragement. As Desmond Tutu’s Ubuntu philosophy teaches, “My humanity is bound up in yours.” Leaders who embrace caregiving embody this interconnectedness, creating environments where individuals feel valued, supported, and empowered. This project explores caregiving through a personal narrative of supporting my friend Michael during profound heartbreak and loss. It reflects on the lessons learned, the personal growth I experienced, and how caregiving has influenced my approach as a leader and collaborator. Medieval Monks And Nuns Offering Care The Role of the Church in Caregiving The church has historically been a pillar of caregiving in society, offering holistic support that addresses physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Rooted in Christ’s teaching to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Mark 12:31), the church’s caregiving mission spans centuries and continues to evolve to meet modern challenges. 1. Caregiving for the Broken and Emotionally Depressed Churches often provide emotional healing through pastoral care, prayer groups, and spiritual mentorship. o  Statistics: According to studies, nearly 40% of people in emotional distress seek help from a pastor or church leader before considering professional therapy. o  Example: Programs like Celebrate Recovery, a Christ-centered recovery group, have reached millions worldwide, providing emotional and spiritual support to individuals battling depression, addiction, or past traumas. . 2. Counseling Services 3. Bereavement Care o  Impact: Studies show that individuals involved in church-based bereavement programs report higher emotional and spiritual resilience levels. o  Example: Programs like GriefShare, a global church-based grief support group, have helped millions navigate loss. 4. Aid to the Homeless o  Statistics: A 2023 National Faith-Based Housing Network survey found that over 60% of church programs directly assist homeless individuals through food drives, shelter operations, or employment training. o  Example: The Catholic Church’s St. Vincent de Paul Society and Protestant initiatives like Room in the Inn are models of effective homeless outreach. 5. Feeding the Hungry and Providing Material Aid o  Impact: Data from Bread for the World indicates that faith-based organizations provide over 40% of the food aid distributed in the U.S. annually. o  Example: Soup kitchens, food pantries, and seasonal donation drives (e.g., Operation Christmas Child) exemplify this work. Churches also extend aid globally through initiatives like World Vision or Samaritan’s Purse. 6. Other Acts of Caregiving Contemporary Figures Who Shaped My Understanding of Caregiving In addition to the biblical and philosophical perspectives, my journey of caregiving and being cared for has been profoundly shaped by the actions of contemporary figures. Through their acts of selflessness, empathy, and dedication, these individuals have profoundly influenced my understanding of caregiving. Three individuals stand out, including my mother, whose caregiving has had a lasting impact on my life. 1. My Mother: The Foundation of Care The most significant influence on my understanding of caregiving has been my mother. I witnessed her unwavering commitment to caring for those around her from a young age. Whether tending to our family’s needs, offering a listening ear to friends, or helping those in her community, my mother demonstrated a deep, unconditional love and support that shaped my approach to care. Her ability to balance empathy with practical backing taught me that caregiving is not just about meeting someone’s immediate needs but also about being a source of emotional stability and resilience. My mother’s caregiving was not limited to our family; it extended to the broader community. I recall how she would take time to visit neighbors who were ill, provide food for older people, or sit with those grieving. Her caregiving approach was holistic, focusing on the emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being of others. This comprehensive approach is something I strive to emulate in my caregiving practices today. Details: Her holistic approach to caregiving and the emotional stability she provided 2. Michael: The Power of Compassionate Friendship Michael, my dear friend, also significantly shaped my understanding of caregiving, though in a different capacity. When he went through a devastating heartbreak and emotional collapse, I had the opportunity to care for him during one of the most challenging times in his life. His experience of profound loss and grief revealed to me the importance of simply being present. In his darkest moments, what he needed most was not someone to solve his problems but someone who would stand by him, offering empathy and encouragement. Through this experience, I learned that caregiving often provides a safe space for people to process their emotions rather than offering quick fixes or solutions. Michael’s vulnerability and openness to care deeply impacted me, teaching me the value of emotional presence in caregiving. It became clear that the most effective way to care for others is to show up with

Project 1: Receiving Care Introduction: The Lifeline of Care Care is a universal experience that binds humanity together through acts of kindness, understanding, and selflessness. As the psychologist Carl Rogers once said, “The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change.” Care is about physical help and acknowledging vulnerability in ourselves and others, which fosters transformation. The art of receiving care can be uncomfortable in a culture that prioritizes individual achievement and independence. Yet, research suggests that moments of vulnerability often lead to profound growth. As Brene Brown emphasizes, vulnerability is not a weakness but a courageous act that allows us to connect with others and ourselves. My experience of receiving care during a time of physical and emotional upheaval taught me about the importance of emotional presence and empathy. These elements transformed moments of suffering into opportunities for growth. The Story: A Time When I Was Cared For A Season of Uncertainty The experience of being physically incapacitated, losing my job, and grappling with a serious diagnosis encapsulated much of the research on personal crises. The American Psychological Association notes that compounding stressors—like physical injury and job loss—can significantly impact mental health. In my case, my sister Zama stepped in, not only physically caring for me but also offering emotional and spiritual support. Her empathy demonstrated what scholars like Robert Wicks describe as the importance of emotional resonance in caregiving. Moments of Compassionate Care One of the most memorable evenings was when Zama sat with me after a devastating diagnosis. She embodied what research calls “presence”—being physically and emotionally available without offering immediate solutions. Her touch during painful procedures activated feelings of safety and belonging, aligning with studies showing how physical touch fosters emotional healing. Her prayers, belief in miracles, and spiritual support also aligned with findings that spirituality can profoundly impact recovery. Lessons on the Art of Caring . Suggested Image: A tranquil nature setting, symbolizing mindfulness and presence. Growth in Self-Care Conclusion: The Ripple Effect of Care The care I received during this challenging period reshaped my understanding of compassion, resilience, and caregiving. It showed me that care isn’t about fixing problems—it’s about walking alongside someone, offering empathy and solidarity. The lessons I’ve carried forward about empathy, presence, and empowerment continue to guide my interactions. Care transforms both the giver and receiver, and it is in these shared moments of humanity that we truly learn how to care for others and ourselves.

Table of Contents 1. Introduction Mentoring is vital to Christian discipleship, where both mentor and mentee experience profound spiritual growth. This reflective exploration delves into my journey as a mentor, where I seek to combine academic understanding, theological insights, and personal experience. Mentoring is not simply an act of instruction but an ongoing relational exchange that nurtures spiritual maturity, transformation, and the development of Christ-like character. Through formal and informal mentoring experiences, I have understood that proper mentorship is reciprocal—it fosters both guidance and mutual growth. In this paper, I reflect on the practical aspects of mentoring, considering the biblical basis for mentoring relationships and how they have shaped my spiritual life and those I mentor. Drawing upon personal stories and theological reflection, I will explore the challenges, rewards, and long-term impact of mentoring within the Christian context. 2. Literature Review Mentorship has long been recognized as an essential practice for spiritual development within the Christian tradition. Kraft (2015) argues that mentoring is foundational for spiritual direction, not merely as an act of teaching but as a process of personal transformation, where mutual trust and wisdom exchange play a central role. This aligns with my own experiences, where I have seen that mentoring must prioritize deep relational trust, understanding, and vulnerability. Effective mentors must embody Christ-like love, modeling humility and servant leadership. Further, McDonald (2017) emphasizes the communal aspects of mentoring, noting that it fosters a sense of belonging and mutual accountability within the body of Christ. I have lived out this truth in my mentoring relationships, as mutual vulnerability leads not only to spiritual growth but also to deeper community connections. The concept of peer discipleship, where both mentor and mentee learn from one another, speaks to the dynamic nature of mentoring. It is a shared journey of growth that enriches both the mentee and mentor. Additional scholars, such as White (2019), stress the theological and ecclesial importance of mentorship as a tool for leadership development. Mentorship serves as a critical vehicle for disciplining future leaders who can carry forward the vision of the Church and foster spiritual vitality within communities. This aligns with my approach to mentorship, where I actively aim to develop leaders who, in turn, mentor others. The literature surrounding the emotional intelligence required in mentoring underscores the importance of empathy, active listening, and humility. As mentors, we are called to recognize the emotional and spiritual needs of others, as demonstrated in Jesus Christ’s mentorship model. Christ showed incredible patience, empathy, and care in His relationships with His disciples. 3. Personal Narrative Reflecting on my spiritual formation, I recognize that mentorship was pivotal in my journey toward maturity. During my university years, I was mentored by Pastor Okwe and Sister Ngozi, who embodied the virtues of Christ’s love. Their mentorship deepened my knowledge of Scripture and helped me navigate the complexities of life and faith. They guided the church community during academic pressures, personal struggles, and challenges. Through their intentional mentoring, I understood the deeper relational aspect of faith—not just intellectual ascent but heartfelt transformation. Their example shaped my desire to mentor others, passing on the same wisdom and care I had received. I recognize that the best mentors are those who have been mentored themselves, and my experience as a mentee laid the foundation for my future role as a mentor. 4. Mentoring Experiences 4.1 Formal Mentoring In my formal roles as a University Fellowship Leader and a Church Youth Leader, I have gained significant experience mentoring groups and individuals. As a University Fellowship Leader, I facilitated Bible studies and prayer meetings, which allowed me to model Christ-like leadership, mainly focusing on humility and servant-heartedness. I guided my group through structured meetings in discussing Scripture, fostering a deeper understanding of their spiritual gifts and calling. In my role as a Church Youth Leader, I not only mentored youth but also equipped volunteer leaders. This role taught me the importance of developing other leaders who can, in turn, mentor others, thus expanding the impact of mentorship within the church. Creating a culture of leadership empowerment taught me that mentoring is not about holding power but about multiplying it by equipping others. 4.2 Informal Mentoring Informal mentoring, through peer discipleship and community outreach, has proven to be just as impactful as formal settings. I regularly meet with close friends for discipleship, where we engage deeply with Scripture, share testimonies, and offer mutual support. These relationships have shown me the importance of vulnerability in mentorship, where both mentor and mentee benefit from the exchange. In my community outreach, I mentor individuals from diverse backgrounds, helping them live out their faith practically. I often see some of the most profound transformations in these informal settings, as they allow for mentoring in real-life contexts, showing how faith applies to everyday challenges. 5. A Powerful Mentoring Story: Mr. Yadoo Tersue One of the most profound stories of transformation I have experienced through mentoring is with Mr. Tersoo Tersue, whom I mentored after he responded to the altar call during a fellowship moment. At the time, Mr. Tersue was struggling with a lifestyle of alcohol, smoking, and womanizing, habits that seemed to have a firm grip on him. Despite skepticism from others, I believed in the redemptive power of Christ and committed to walking alongside him. I increased the frequency of our meetings, offering spiritual guidance and emotional support. We prayed, fasted, and studied Scripture together. One night, Mr. Tersue shared a vivid dream in which I appeared to help him out of a drunken fall, a powerful metaphor for the breaking of his old life. This was a turning point. From that moment, he left his old habits behind, became active in church, and eventually became a pastor. His transformation remains a testament to the power of consistent discipleship and God’s work in a person’s life. 6. Whom I Am Mentoring I mentor three individuals: Jecinta Eze, a university student exploring the intersection of faith and academia; David, a young

Others Shaping You: A Reflective Exploration of Christian Community and Its Impact on My Life and Vocational Direction Mentored Life Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Overview of the Project1.2 Purpose and Significance1.3 Structure of the Project Chapter 2: Background and Context2.1 Growing Up in Northern Nigeria2.2 The Influence of Family and Faith2.3 The Christian Minority Experience Chapter 3: Literature Review3.1 The Role of the Christian Community in Spiritual Growth3.2 The Power of Mentorship in Faith Development3.3 Leadership in the Christian Context Chapter 4: Personal Narrative4.1 The Religious Riot: A Defining Moment4.2 The Impact of Crisis on Faith and Calling4.3 University Years: Growth through Fellowship Chapter 5: Key Influencers5.1 Pastor John: Lessons in Servant Leadership5.2 Dietrich Bonhoeffer: The Cost of Discipleship5.3 Corrie ten Boom: A Testimony of Grace and Resilience Chapter 6: Challenges and Resilience6.1 The Struggles of Being a Christian Minority6.2 Strength Through Community in Times of Persecution6.3 Building Resilience in the Face of Adversity Chapter 7: Reflection and Analysis7.1 Deepening My Understanding of God’s Love7.2 Shaping My Vocational Direction7.3 Resilience: Lessons Learned from Adversity Chapter 8: Conclusion8.1 Summary of Key Insights8.2 The Ongoing Influence of Christian Community on My Life Chapter 9: Recommendations9.1 Fostering Mentorship Programs9.2 Creating Inclusive and Supportive Community Environments9.3 Developing Leadership Opportunities for Young Believers Appendices10.1 Personal Prayer10.2 Submission Declaration Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview of the ProjectThis project reflects on how Christian community, mentorship, and pivotal life experiences have shaped my relationship with God and influenced my vocational calling. Growing up in northern Nigeria as a Christian minority, I experienced both the challenges and transformative power of being part of a faith community. The church, mentorship from spiritual leaders, and critical moments in my life have collectively guided me in understanding my purpose in life and how I can contribute to society in service to others. 1.2 Purpose and SignificanceThis project offers a reflective exploration of how my Christian community shaped my spiritual growth and vocational direction. By analyzing personal experiences and academic literature, I aim to understand the profound impact of faith, mentorship, and communal support on shaping one’s life purpose. 1.3 Structure of the ProjectThis project is divided into several chapters. The first provides a background of my experiences in northern Nigeria, followed by a literature review on the role of community and mentorship. The core chapters reflect on significant personal experiences, critical influencers in my life, challenges I’ve faced, and how resilience and perseverance have shaped my vocational journey. Chapter 2: Background and Context 2.1 Growing Up in Northern NigeriaBorn and raised in Middle Belt Nigeria, I grew up as part of a Christian minority in a predominantly Muslim region. This context shaped my worldview and how I practiced and defended my faith. Growing up in a Christian home, my family became the first place where I learned the importance of prayer, scripture, and service to others. 2.2 The Influence of Family and FaithMy parents instilled in me the values of humility, love, and service from an early age. Despite facing societal pressures as Christians in a Muslim-majority environment, their unwavering faith became a source of strength and encouragement, shaping my understanding of what it means to live out one’s faith in public and private spheres. 2.3 The Christian Minority ExperienceBeing a minority in middle Belt Nigeria was not always easy, and there were moments when I felt isolated or pressured to conform. However, these challenges provided a backdrop for understanding the Christian community’s importance in offering spiritual and emotional support. Chapter 3: Literature Review 3.1 The Role of the Christian Community in Spiritual GrowthDrawing from McDonald’s (2017) work on the importance of Christian fellowship, I explore how community plays a crucial role in cultivating a deeper relationship with God. For me, the Christian community served as both a support system and a training ground for spiritual growth, especially during times of trial. 3.2 The Power of Mentorship in Faith DevelopmentKraft (2015) discusses the transformative power of mentorship in spiritual development. Reflecting on my experiences with mentors like Pastor Arome and Sister Ngozi, I examine how their guidance helped me overcome personal struggles and discern my calling. They provided both wisdom and the space for me to develop spiritually and vocationally. 3.3 Leadership in the Christian ContextMcDonald (2017) also discusses how the Christian community equips individuals for leadership. My leadership experience in church activities, including evangelistic missions like the Reinhard Bonnke crusade, deepened my understanding of servant leadership. This concept would later influence my vocational choices, where I began to see leadership not as a position of power but as a form of service to others. Chapter 4: Personal Narrative 4.1 The Religious Riot: A Defining MomentOne of the most pivotal moments in my life was during the religious riot in northern Nigeria. As churches were burned and Christians faced violence, I witnessed the strength of the Christian community as they came together to pray, support each other, and affirm their faith. This experience profoundly shaped my relationship with God and affirmed my resolve to live for Him, regardless of the cost. 4.2 The Impact of Crisis on Faith and CallingMy faith was tested during this crisis in ways I had never imagined. But rather than shake my belief, it clarified my sense of calling. I realized that my faith wasn’t just about personal salvation and serving God’s purpose through service and leadership. 4.3 University Years: Growth through FellowshipIn university, I became actively involved in a Christian fellowship, where I found a vibrant community that encouraged my spiritual growth. This period marked a significant transformation in my faith as I began to understand the power of mentorship and the importance of being part of a faith community that nurtures personal and collective growth. Chapter 5: Key Influencers 5.1 Pastor John: Lessons in Servant LeadershipPastor John’s mentorship taught me invaluable lessons about leadership through service. His example of humility, selflessness, and care for others profoundly impacted me, shaping my understanding of leadership as an act of service, not authority. 5.2 Dietrich