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Practicing Community: Walking Together in Faith IntroductionFrom the earliest days of my faith journey, I have discovered that God never intended us to walk alone. True Christian life unfolds in the shared rhythms of relationship, learning, and service. Community is not merely a backdrop to ministry; it is both the crucible in which character is refined and the platform from which God’s Kingdom manifests. This post reflects on how my engagement with others has shaped me, strengthened my commitment to healthy relationships, and fueled a desire to partner with God in making the world a better place. The Transformative Power of RelationshipsCommunity is not merely a social construct; it is the living expression of God’s Kingdom among His people. My journey in community has shaped me profoundly, teaching me that the Christian life is inseparable from relational engagement. Over time, I have discovered that being in authentic, covenantal relationships with others refines my character, deepens my faith, and strengthens my vocational call to ministry. I am a better person for being in relationship with others because their presence challenges me to grow beyond my comfort zones. The patience of mentors like Doofan has taught me to listen with empathy, even when silence is the only appropriate response. The humility of peers like Tega has reminded me that leadership is rooted in service, not recognition. Their faith, courage, and integrity consistently invite me to confront my weaknesses, temper my pride, and act with intentionality. In community, I learn daily to prioritize understanding over judgment, generosity over self-interest, and love over convenience. Commitment to Healthy CommunityThe influence of others has shaped my commitment to remaining in healthy community. I have witnessed the transformative power of relationships anchored in trust, accountability, and mutual support. In times of personal struggle—whether spiritual doubt, vocational uncertainty, or relational tension—the encouragement and wisdom of those around me have kept me grounded. These experiences have reinforced that healthy community is not passive or superficial; it requires vulnerability, commitment, and the willingness to engage honestly, even when it is difficult. Desire to Make a Better WorldMy commitment to community has naturally fueled a desire to help create a better world. I have seen firsthand how collective action, guided by faith and mutual care, can restore hope, provide tangible help, and bring healing to broken spaces. Working alongside others, whether distributing food, mentoring youth, or organizing outreach initiatives, I have discovered that ministry is most effective when it is not a solitary endeavor but a shared labor of love. Community becomes a microcosm of the world we hope to transform: a place where justice, compassion, and integrity are practiced consistently, modeled for others, and nurtured in hearts and minds. Living Out Community with OthersI live out this desire with others by intentionally engaging in collaborative ministry that balances service with relational depth. In our youth programs, I co-lead with peers to mentor young people, ensuring that they encounter both guidance and genuine care. In outreach initiatives, I work alongside volunteers, encouraging them to see each act of service as an extension of God’s love and Kingdom values. I cultivate spaces where dialogue, reflection, and mutual accountability are encouraged, allowing every participant to contribute their gifts and be transformed in the process. This practice is not only about achieving external outcomes but also about fostering internal growth—discipleship in action, lived out in tangible relationships that mirror the Kingdom. ConclusionUltimately, practicing community is both a gift and a discipline. It requires humility to receive wisdom, courage to speak truth in love, and persistence to remain faithful even when conflict arises. Yet it is through this very practice that I grow as a disciple, minister, and human being. Community shapes me, challenges me, and calls me to embody the love, justice, and mercy of God in the world. By walking alongside others, I learn that transforming the world begins with faithfully nurturing the Kingdom within the communities to which God has placed us, one relationship at a time. In this journey, I am reminded that the beauty and power of ministry is never in isolation—it is in the shared heartbeat of God’s people working together to reflect His glory on earth.

Introduction: Why Interpretation Matters Interpreting the Bible is one of the most sacred and transformative tasks entrusted to believers. It is more than a method of gaining knowledge; it is a spiritual discipline that shapes our identity, informs our theology, and equips us for faithful living. Scripture is not just a historical document—it is God-breathed (2 Tim. 3:16), living and active (Heb. 4:12), and speaks to both the individual and the community of faith. It is digging into the wisdom God is sharing with us in His word. Interpretation is squeezing the juice in the Word. How we interpret it directly impacts how we know God, how we live in the world, and how we lead others in truth. “The more I interpret Scripture, the more Scripture interprets me—and transforms me into the likeness of Christ.” For me, interpreting the Bible is both a personal joy and a communal responsibility. It is a practice rooted in reverence, shaped by theological tools, and nourished by dialogue with others in the Body of Christ. A Journey of Discovery and Transformation Interpreting the Bible is a sacred endeavor that requires diligence, humility, and a willingness to engage with the divine. As a follower of Christ, I believe that the Bible is the inspired Word of God, containing the story of God’s redemptive plan for humanity. When I approach Scripture, I do so with reverence, recognizing that it is a complex and multifaceted text that demands careful consideration. Understanding how to interpret the Bible personally is essential. Here are seven transformative benefits, each with supporting Scripture: 1. Spiritual Growth and Maturity The Powerful Importance of Personally Interpreting Scripture Personally, interpreting the Bible is foundational for spiritual growth and maturity. We must be able to discern God’s truth and apply it to our lives. 📖 2 Timothy 3:16–17“All Scripture is God-breathed… so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.” 2. Discerning Truth from Error Personal interpretation helps us recognize and reject false teachings. 📖 1 John 4:1“Do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits…” “When we interpret Scripture with integrity, we develop discernment that protects our faith.” 3. Applying Scripture to Life Proper interpretation enables us to live out the Word. 📖 James 1:22–25“Do not merely listen to the word… Do what it says.” 4. Personal Conviction and Assurance Interpreting Scripture brings confidence and assurance in our faith. 📖 Hebrews 11:1“Faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see.” 5. Effective Witness and Evangelism It equips us to communicate our faith clearly and respectfully. 📖 1 Peter 3:15“Always be prepared to give an answer… with gentleness and respect.” 6. Personal Encounters, Fellowship, and Communion Personal interpretation deepens our fellowship with God and others. 📖 1 Corinthians 1:9“God is faithful, who has called you into fellowship with His Son…” 7. Stirring Deep Joy and Intimacy Engaging deeply with Scripture brings joy and a closer walk with God. 📖 Psalm 119:162“I rejoice in following your statutes as one rejoices in great riches.” 📖 Jeremiah 15:16“Your words were found and I ate them, And Your words became a joy to me and the delight of my heart; For I have been called by Your name, O LORD God of hosts..” Interpreting the Bible in Community A Shared Journey of Revelation Scripture was written for communities of faith, not individuals in isolation. From Israel’s reception of the Torah to the early church’s reading of apostolic letters, the Bible has always been meant to be read with others. I engage Scripture through: “Each believer brings a unique lens—when we read together, we reflect the fullness of the body of Christ.” One of the most life-giving aspects of communal interpretation is the diversity of perspectives. Each believer brings a unique background, cultural lens, and spiritual journey to the table. When we read together—especially across generations, cultures, and denominations—we more fully reflect the richness of the Body of Christ (1 Cor. 12:12–27). What I may overlook, someone else may illuminate. What I may misinterpret, another may clarify through prayerful insight or lived experience. I still live in and with the joy of how a truly God breathed group Bible study can grant you access to deep light of the Scripture. It was in one if such group study that I saw the beautiful reason God told Moses to pick the snake by the tail and the reason God turned Moses’s rod into a serpent. That insight further sparked hunger for deeper revelation of God’s word In group settings, I often begin with questions like, “What do you see here that moves you?” and “How does this passage challenge or comfort you?” These questions create space for the Spirit to speak not just through scholars or pastors but through everyday believers who are themselves living epistles (2 Cor. 3:2–3). Spiritual Friendship and Interpretive Accountability In one-on-one discipleship, interpretation becomes relational and transformational. We hold each other accountable and sharpen one another, just as Proverbs 27:17 affirms: “As iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another.” I had a friend when I first came into the city of Abuja. He was sent to follow me up when I visited the church for the first time. We formed a great bond and we started a Bible study challengewhich was tagged study the Bible 360. It was eye opening. I remember reading through the Psalm and seeing that David actually prophesied about Jesus in many ways. The depth and clarity was mind blowing. I never saw Psalm from the Messianic point if view until we engaged in that study. We read not just for information, but for transformation. We ask each other hard questions. We hold each other accountable to live out what the Word commands. We learn to listen—not just to Scripture, but to how the Spirit uses Scripture to shape our hearts. In these spaces, humility is key. I bring my insights, but I also expect to be challenged.

Introduction The Bible is not just a book to be studied; it is the living and active Word of God that speaks into the very fabric of our lives. Over the years, I have encountered Scripture in ways that have not only deepened my faith but also transformed how I see God, myself, and the world. This paper highlights some of those moments of transformation—where a fresh interpretation of Scripture gave new insight and led to spiritual renewal. From childhood Bible stories to more complex theological engagement, the Bible continues to speak with power and relevance. From Story to Revelation: Joseph’s Story as My Story As a child, the story of Joseph in Genesis 37–50 captivated my imagination. It had everything—sibling rivalry, betrayal, imprisonment, dreams, and eventual triumph. Joseph, the dreamer turned ruler, became a personal hero whose story I could retell word for word in Sunday school. However, it wasn’t until I revisited this narrative as an adult, especially during a season of personal hardship, that the story came alive in a new way. I had faced betrayal by people I trusted and found myself in a metaphorical “prison”—not of stone and bars, but of confusion, disappointment, and spiritual exhaustion. In those moments, I turned again to the story of Joseph. Reading it with fresh eyes, I began to see layers I had missed before. The story was not just about personal promotion but about divine providence. “You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives.” — Genesis 50:20 (NIV) This verse redefined my suffering. It was not random. God was present in the pit, the prison, and the palace. The very pain I was experiencing could be redemptive. That revelation didn’t just comfort me; it empowered me. It gave my suffering a purpose. Joseph’s story became more than inspiration—it became theology. In God’s economy, no experience is wasted. That fresh interpretation deepened my trust in God’s sovereignty and encouraged me to hold on, even when I could not see the end of the story. Joseph’s Life as a Type of Christ Joseph’s life can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ: Joseph and Prophetic Fulfillment Joseph’s story aligns with the broader narrative of God’s covenant. His life anticipates the fulfillment of prophecy and the coming of Christ. The parallels extend into Revelation, where themes of suffering, exaltation, and salvation are echoed (cf. Revelation 5:5–10). Joseph and Providential Theology Joseph exemplifies divine providence in adversity. Despite injustice, he remained faithful, and God used his trials to fulfill His redemptive purposes. This affirms a central tenet of theodicy: God can use suffering for ultimate good. A New Yoke: Rethinking Matthew 11:28–30 Another passage that radically shaped my faith is Matthew 11:28–30 (NIV): “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me…” Initially, I viewed this as an invitation to rest from sin and life’s challenges. But during a season of ministry burnout, the word “yoke” took on new meaning. Studying its cultural context, I discovered Jesus wasn’t offering freedom from work but a better kind of work—alignment with Him. A yoke is a tool for labor, but Jesus promises one that is “easy” and a burden that is “light.” The contrast is with the weight of legalism and self-reliance (cf. Galatians 5:1). This realization transformed my understanding of grace—not just as pardon, but as empowerment. “I had taken on burdens God never gave me. Rest wasn’t about doing less but about doing life with Christ.” Then came a fresh layer of insight: What is in His burden that makes it light and gives me peace? The Holy Spirit opened my heart: This interpretive journey deepened my faith and led me to greater spiritual formation, aligning with Christ in both mission and rest. A Fresh Interpretation of Romans 8:28 Romans 8:28 (NIV) declares: “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” At first, I interpreted this verse as a blanket promise that God would turn my pain into personal gain. But deeper study brought richer theological clarity. Paul’s statement cannot be divorced from verse 29: “For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son.” The “good” is not material comfort, but Christlikeness. God uses all things—joys and trials—to make us more like Jesus. This revealed to me that Romans 8:28 is ultimately about sanctification, not circumstantial success. Moreover, this “good” is part of God’s eternal redemptive plan. It ties into soteriology—the doctrine of salvation—and affirms that God’s sovereignty governs even our suffering. My perspective shifted from expecting God to fix my problems to trusting Him to form my character through them. “The Bible doesn’t just offer comfort; it invites us into deeper discipleship and a clearer view of God’s eternal purposes.” The Joy of Interpretation What excites me most spiritually about interpreting Scripture well is the transformation that comes with it. Each new discovery feels like opening a treasure chest—shaping my theology, correcting my assumptions, and deepening my love for God. “Interpreting Scripture draws me closer to God’s heart and equips me to lead others more faithfully.” Through rightly dividing the Word, I grow not only in knowledge but in Christlike character. This is the joy and calling of the theological journey. Conclusion These interpretive encounters have not merely informed my theology—they have formed my faith. They have turned the Bible from a textbook into a treasure. Whether it’s finding purpose in Joseph’s suffering, freedom in Christ’s yoke, or maturity in God’s providence, Scripture continues to be a well that never runs dry. “To know God through His Word is the highest privilege, and to be changed by that Word is the greatest joy of all.” As I continue this journey of interpreting the Bible, I

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation Biblical Foundation for Understanding Context Abstract This paper explores three biblical passages, Acts 17:16-34, 1 Corinthians 9:19-23, and John 4:1-42, that provide a robust theological foundation for why understanding personal, contextual, and cultural constructs should shape the way we present the Gospel. This study argues that cultural awareness is essential for faithful and effective Gospel communication. It draws on insights from reputable theological commentaries and integrates theological frameworks such as incarnational theology and Missio Dei (the mission of God). It also examines the theological themes of the incarnation, the Kingdom of God, and the church’s role as a bridge between divine truth and human culture. Finally, this paper reflects on the implications for ministry and provides practical recommendations for contemporary Gospel communication. Introduction The message of the Gospel is timeless and universal, yet its communication must engage with its audience’s personal, cultural, and contextual realities. Scripture provides a compelling model for how the people of God can translate divine truth into diverse cultural frameworks without compromising the integrity of the message. This paper examines three foundational biblical passages to explore how contextual sensitivity enhances Gospel communication: 1. Acts 17:16-34 – Paul’s sermon at the Areopagus. 2. 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 – Paul’s commitment to becoming “all things to all people.” 3. John 4:1-42 – Jesus’ encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well. Through theological analysis and reflection, this paper emphasizes that contextualization is not merely a practical strategy but a theological imperative rooted in the very nature of God’s mission. 1. Acts 17:16-34 – Paul in Athens: Engaging Philosophical and Religious Worldviews Context and Background Paul’s sermon to the Greek philosophers in Athens, condensed into 11 verses (Acts 17:16-34), offers a compelling and practical demonstration of contextualization in Gospel communication.The narrative of Paul’s missionary journeys begins in Acts 13 when the Holy Spirit commissions him and Barnabas for their first evangelistic mission. Their strategy was to proclaim the Gospel first in Jewish synagogues. However, this approach often led to severe opposition, including Paul being stoned and left for dead (Acts 14:19). Despite the hardships, Paul remained resolute in his mission.The speech at the Areopagus takes place during Paul’s second missionary journey. This journey expanded beyond Jewish communities to include Gentile territories. After being beaten and imprisoned in Philippi (Acts 16:23) and encountering intense persecution in Thessalonica and Berea (Acts 17:1-15), Paul was sent to Athens for his safety while waiting for Silas and Timothy.By this period, Athens was no longer a political powerhouse but remained a cultural and intellectual hub. The city’s philosophical traditions and devotion to religious practices made it an ideal setting for Paul’s engagement. Observing the city’s pervasive idolatry, Paul was “deeply distressed” (Acts 17:16) and began reasoning with Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogues and the agora (marketplace). This public discourse caught the attention of the city’s intellectual elites—specifically the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers—who invited him to present his “new teaching” at the Areopagus. Historical Background Athens was renowned for its intellectual heritage, particularly its philosophical schools. According to the IVP New Testament Commentary Series, although Athens declined politically after being conquered by Rome in 146 B.C., it retained its cultural influence. Because of its illustrious past, it was granted the status of a “free city.”J.C. Ryle, the first Anglican Bishop of Liverpool, emphasizes the city’s pervasive idolatry:”Idols met his eyes in every street. The temples of idol gods and goddesses occupied every prominent position. The magnificent statue of Minerva, at least forty feet high, towered above the Acropolis. The Athenians surpassed all states in their attention to the worship of the gods.”Athens was also a haven for philosophical inquiry. Paul’s audience included Epicureans and Stoics, two dominant schools of thought: • Epicureanism: Founded by Epicurus, this philosophy pursued happiness through moderate pleasure and the absence of pain. It rejected divine intervention in human affairs. • Stoicism: Founded by Zeno of Citium, Stoicism emphasized rationality, self-control, and living in harmony with the natural order, which they believed was governed by divine Reason (Logos).Paul’s engagement with these intellectual traditions demonstrates a strategic use of cultural awareness to present the Gospel effectively. Exegesis and Analysis 1. Cultural Awareness as a Bridge Paul begins by acknowledging the Athenians’ spiritual curiosity: “I perceive that in every way you are very religious” (Acts 17:22, ESV). Rather than condemning their idolatry outright, Paul affirms their quest for the divine. This rhetorical strategy reflects a contextual sensitivity that values his audience’s cultural and spiritual frameworks. Paul models what missiologist Paul Hiebert calls “critical contextualization”—engaging culture thoughtfully while maintaining theological integrity. 2. Engaging Cultural Artifacts Paul uses an altar inscribed “To an unknown god” (Acts 17:23) as a theological bridge. F.F. Bruce observes that Paul’s reference to this altar allows him to transform a pagan artifact into a doorway for proclaiming the true God (The Book of Acts). This method exemplifies how cultural objects can serve as contact points for Gospel engagement. 3. Quoting Cultural Authorities Paul further contextualizes his message by quoting Greek poets: “For in him we live and move and have our being” (Acts 17:28). By referencing poets like Epimenides and Aratus, Paul validates aspects of their cultural wisdom while redirecting it toward the truth of the Christian Gospel. As Ben Witherington III notes, Paul does not dismiss Greek thought but filters it through the lens of divine revelation (The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary). 4. Theological Themes: The Sovereignty of God Paul emphasizes that God is the Creator who transcends human temples (Acts 17:24) and governs all nations (Acts 17:26). This directly challenges the Greek belief in localized deities. The doctrine of God’s sovereignty, as reflected in Isaiah 45:5, underscores that God is universal and accessible to all people. 5. Contextualization: Paul’s speech is a prime example of contextualization, where the messenger adapts the message to the audience’s cultural and intellectual framework. 6. Cultural Sensitivity: Paul’s approach demonstrates a deep respect for the Athenians’ cultural achievements and spiritual seeking. 7. Theological

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation Preparing for Gospel Presentation – New Testament Introduction Ephesians 4 presents a powerful vision for the Christian life, emphasizing unity, spiritual maturity, and transformation through Christ. Written by Paul while in prison, this chapter serves as a practical application of the theological foundation laid in Ephesians 1-3. Paul urges believers to live worthy of their calling by fostering unity, growing in maturity, and embracing their new identity in Christ Exegetical Analysis of Ephesians 4 1. The Call to Unity (Ephesians 4:1-6) Paul begins by urging believers to “walk worthy of the calling” (4:1). He lists essential qualities for unity: humility, gentleness, patience, and love (4:2). These traits create a foundation for unity among believers. “I… urge you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love.” (Ephesians 4:1-2) Theological Significance “There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call—one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.” (Ephesians 4:4-6) Gospel Implication Just as salvation is the work of the triune God, the Church’s unity reflects the character of God Himself. 2. Christ’s Gift to the Church (Ephesians 4:7-16) Paul explains that Christ has given spiritual gifts to believers to equip the Church (4:7-12). He references Psalm 68:18, interpreting Christ’s ascension as His victory over sin and death, after which He distributes gifts to His people. “But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift.” (Ephesians 4:7) Key Offices in the Church “And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.” (Ephesians 4:11-12) Spiritual Growth “…we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.” (Ephesians 4:15) Gospel Connection Christ is the head of the Church, holding all things together (4:16). Believers grow in Him, becoming more like Christ, who unifies and strengthens His body. “…from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.” (Ephesians 4:16) (Ephesians 4:7-16) Paul explains that Christ has given spiritual gifts to believers to equip the Church (4:7-12). He references Psalm 68:18, interpreting Christ’s ascension as His victory over sin and death, after which He distributes gifts to His people. “But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift.” (Ephesians 4:7) Key Offices in the Church “And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.” (Ephesians 4:11-12) Spiritual Growth “…we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.” (Ephesians 4:15) Gospel Connection Christ is the head of the Church, holding all things together (4:16). Believers grow in Him, becoming more like Christ, who unifies and strengthens His body. “…from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.” (Ephesians 4:16) . 3. The New Life in Christ (Ephesians 4:17-32) Paul contrasts the old way of life with the new identity in Christ. The Old Self (4:17-19) “Now this I say and testify in the Lord, that you must no longer walk as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their minds. They are darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, due to their hardness of heart.” (Ephesians 4:17-18) The New Self (4:20-24) “…to put off your old self, which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires, and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, and to put on the new self, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness.” (Ephesians 4:22-24) Practical Transformation “Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear.” (Ephesians 4:29) “Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.” (Ephesians 4:32) Gospel Connection The transformation of believers reflects the work of the Holy Spirit. Forgiveness and renewal come through Christ’s redemptive work. Conclusion Ephesians 4 calls believers to live out the gospel by maintaining unity, growing in Christ, and embodying a new life of righteousness. This passage serves as a foundation for discipleship, encouraging the Church to reflect Christ’s love and truth in every aspect of life. Scholarly Sources for Ephesians 4

Cultural Exegesis and Gospel Proclamation (Standard Path) 034 God’s Heart for Foreigners, Immigrants, and Refugees Introduction In a world where borders often divide us, the Bible calls us to see foreigners, immigrants, and refugees through the lens of God’s love and justice. After reading some Bible verses and watching the documentary The Stranger, I felt moved by how God wants us to treat foreigners and refugees. Here’s what I’ve learned about His heart for the stranger. Biblical Foundations The Bible teaches us to be kind and fair to immigrants. In Exodus 23:9, we’re reminded: “Do not oppress a foreigner; you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners, because you were foreigners in Egypt.” This verse calls us to empathy, reminding us that we, too, were once strangers in a foreign land. Similarly, Leviticus 19:33-34 commands us: “When a foreigner resides among you in your land, do not mistreat them. The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native-born. Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt.” This command to love immigrants as ourselves is a powerful reminder of God’s heart for justice and compassion. In Matthew 25:35, Jesus speaks directly to the heart of hospitality: “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in.” This verse connects our treatment of immigrants to our relationship with Christ Himself. And Hebrews 13:2 reminds us: “Do not forget to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have shown hospitality to angels without knowing it.”  This reminds us that every act of kindness toward a stranger is an opportunity to reflect God’s love. “Love the foreigner as yourself, for you were once foreigners in Egypt.” —Leviticus 19:34 . Insights from The Stranger Documentary The documentary The Stranger shared the stories of three immigrant families who are evangelical Christians. Their experiences humanized the immigration debate for me. These families are not just statistics or political issues—they are real people, created in God’s image, with hopes, dreams, and struggles. “Immigrants are not just numbers or legal issues; they are people made in God’s image.” One story that stood out to me was of a family who fled violence in their home country, seeking safety and a better future for their children. Their faith in God remained strong, even in the face of uncertainty and hardship. This challenged me to see immigrants not as “others” but as brothers and sisters in Christ. Conversations with My Mentor Discussing these ideas with my mentor helped me process what I was learning. We talked about how God calls us to challenge our biases and respond to immigration with compassion, justice, and hospitality. We acknowledged that immigration is a complex issue, but we agreed that as Christians, our response must be rooted in love. My mentor encouraged me to think about practical ways I can support immigrants in my community, whether through advocacy, volunteering, or simply building relationships. “Immigration is complicated, but our response must be rooted in compassion, justice, and hospitality.” Personal Commitment and Call to Action Reflecting on God’s heart for immigrants has motivated me to take action. I am committed to: “I am committed to advocating for policies that reflect God’s love and kindness for the stranger.” Reflection Questions Conclusion & Call-to-Action My understanding of how God views foreigners, immigrants, and refugees has grown significantly through this study. I am reminded that every person is made in God’s image and deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. As I move forward, I am committed to living out God’s call to love and welcome strangers. I hope to inspire others to do the same, so together, we can reflect God’s love and kindness to the world. “How will you respond to God’s call to welcome the stranger? Share your thoughts or actions in the comments below!” References The Bible. (2011). New International Version. Biblica, Inc. The Stranger documentary.

How Intentional Inclusion Transforms Lives and Ministry “In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, the intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives is not just a progressive idea—it is an essential practice for personal growth, ministry, and societal harmony.” Introduction In a world increasingly shaped by globalization, the intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives is not just a progressive idea—it is an essential practice for personal growth, ministry, and societal harmony. As we step into a world that is as diverse as it is interconnected, we are given the opportunity to encounter and embrace new perspectives that have the potential to broaden our understanding of humanity. The concept of cultural diversity is not new, as it has roots deeply embedded in human history. From the time of the Tower of Babel, where language and cultural differences were a direct result of divine intervention, to the present day, the heterogeneity of human cultures has shaped our world. In Genesis 11, God intentionally scattered the people, creating the mosaic of diverse cultures, each reflecting different aspects of His creative power. It is from this historical and theological backdrop that the importance of cultural inclusivity in our personal and spiritual lives emerges. As the world continues to evolve, the voices of leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. remind us that, “We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same boat now.” This powerful truth calls us to recognize that despite our varied cultural backgrounds, we are all connected and share a common humanity. Similarly, Malala Yousafzai once said, “We realize the importance of our voices only when we are silenced.” This quote challenges us to ensure that all voices, particularly those from marginalized or overlooked cultures, are heard and valued. Maya Angelou beautifully states, “We all should know that diversity makes for a rich tapestry, and we must understand that all the threads of the tapestry are equal in value.” In the same vein, the Christian community is called to honor diversity as a strength, not a division. Cultural diversity and inclusivity are key to building not only personal relationships but also strong, unified communities, both within and outside of the Church. Embracing the beauty of different cultural perspectives enriches our understanding of others and enhances the Kingdom of God. The early Church was a testament to the power of diversity, as believers from different nations, languages, and backgrounds gathered together to share in the life of Christ. However, this inclusivity has not always been without tension. From biblical times through the Middle Ages and into the modern era, history reveals the challenges that have emerged when cultures, ideas, and practices collide. Figures like Martin Luther King Jr., as well as others such as Malala Yousafzai and Maya Angelou, have bravely fought for the inclusion of marginalized voices, advocating for a world where diversity is celebrated rather than feared. Table of Contents Section 1: Intentional Inclusion of Cultural Perspectives Intentional inclusion of cultural perspectives isn’t a passive undertaking; it requires deliberate effort and open-mindedness. In my own life, the importance of culturally inclusive practices became evident during my travels to diverse communities, my participation in multicultural ministry efforts, and my work in local community outreach. Each encounter presented opportunities to learn and grow, not by simply observing but by actively engaging in the lives of others. In my ministry, cultural inclusivity was not just a concept—it was a core part of the work. Whether collaborating with people from different cultural backgrounds or offering a welcoming space for diverse voices, the ministry setting I worked in was marked by its multicultural makeup. One significant example was a mission trip to a village where the people’s customs and worldview were radically different from my own. In this setting, I had to learn quickly not only the language of the people but also the nuances of their social norms, religious beliefs, and family dynamics. Each conversation, every shared meal, and every worship service was an invitation to view the world through someone else’s eyes, and in doing so, I was able to enrich my understanding of the Gospel’s universality. Section 2: Benefits of Including Cultural Perspectives Enriched Personal Relationships:When we intentionally include cultural perspectives in our lives, the bonds we form with others become deeper and more meaningful. These relationships are no longer based solely on surface-level commonalities but on shared experiences and mutual respect. Through my interactions with people from various cultures, I discovered the value of listening deeply, understanding through the lens of their life experiences, and, most importantly, breaking down barriers of misunderstanding. One of the most profound examples was a friendship I forged with a fellow ministry leader from a different culture. Despite the differences in our backgrounds, our shared commitment to faith and service allowed us to build a strong, supportive relationship that transcended cultural boundaries. Broader Worldview and Greater Compassion:Exposure to diverse worldviews and ways of life broadens our perspective on what it means to be human. For example, engaging with a community where poverty was prevalent but contentment was palpable challenged my preconceived notions about wealth and happiness. I learned that the human need for connection, purpose, and love transcends cultural and material differences. This realization deepened my compassion for those in need, encouraging me to view every individual not through the lens of their socio-economic status but as a person of inherent worth and dignity. Improved Communication Skills:In cross-cultural contexts, communication is not just about words—it’s about understanding the unspoken, the nuances of body language, tone, and social cues. One of the greatest challenges I faced was adapting to different forms of communication, but it was also one of the greatest opportunities for growth. Whether it was learning to respect silence as a form of expression or understanding the importance of eye contact in different cultures, these experiences helped me develop stronger communication skills that served me both in ministry and in everyday life. Spiritual Enrichment:The encounter with diverse expressions of faith and worship was perhaps

“Have you ever wondered what it’s like to live in a culture untouched by modernity? Join me as I recount my transformative journey among the Koma people—a tribe that taught me the true meaning of community, simplicity, and faith.” Adeleye M Oni Table of Contents The Journey To Koma Hills I still remember the day missionaries visited our school fellowship during my secondary school days. The sun beat down on the rusty corrugated iron roof of our auditorium, casting a warm glow over the rows of curious students. It was amidst this familiar backdrop that I first heard the stories of the Koma people. During one such visit, we heard stories about a people group in Koma Hills, Adamawa State, Nigeria, who still practiced nudity in a world increasingly shaped by modernity. This unusual practice fascinated me. What I found particularly intriguing was how the Koma people could thrive in a world so vastly different from my own, where the comforts and familiarity of modern life were nowhere to be found. The missionaries shared stories about the Koma people’s unique way of life, . What I found particularly intriguing was how the Koma people could thrive in a world so vastly different from my own, where the comforts and familiarity of modern life were nowhere to be found. Adeleye M Oni The seed planted in my heart during those secondary school days lay dormant for years, until it was rekindled at a youth camp. It was there that I stumbled upon a circular inviting volunteers for a one-month mission trip to Koma Hills. As soon as I saw it, As I read the circular, a shiver ran down my spine. It was as if the stories I had heard years ago came flooding back, and I felt an inexplicable sense of connection to this mysterious place and its people. My heart racing with anticipation, I knew I had to be a part of this journey. Here was the opportunity to meet the very people whose stories had lingered in my mind all those years ago. Driven by a sense of purpose and insatiable curiosity, I signed up for the trip, eager to experience the Koma people’s way of life firsthand and gain a deeper understanding of their culture beyond the stories I had heard. As we prepared for the trip, our team went through weeks of prayer and fasting, seeking spiritual and physical readiness for the journey. We had the medical and teaching team. I was assigned to the teaching team, which meant that I would spend much of my time interacting with the Koma people, sharing teachings and preaching. As I contemplated my role on the teaching team, a mix of emotions swirled within me. I felt a thrill of anticipation, knowing that I would be sharing teachings and preaching to the Koma people. At the same time, a sense of duty settled upon me, reminding me of the weight of responsibility that came with this opportunity. . Chapter 3: Arrival and First Impressions We took off from Minna, the capital of Niger State, Nigeria, to Yola, the capital of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The trip lasted for two days. Then from Yola to Koma Hills took us another three days’ journey. We crossed a total of ten rivers. The journey to Koma Hills was physically demanding, taking us several days through rugged terrain and crossing numerous rivers, but every challenge along the way felt like part of the mission. The journey was grueling, and there were times when I felt like giving up. But my passion for sharing the Gospel and experiencing new cultures kept me going. Even when we encountered deadly snakes, I persevered, knowing that this experience was worth the challenges. True to it by the time we reached Koma Hills, I knew this was more than just a trip—it was an experience that would challenge and shape me. Our Arrival After days of traveling through rugged terrain, we finally arrived at Koma Hills late in the evening. As we highlighted from the motorcycle that brought us, the wind howled, blowing away the mission camp. We quickly sprang into action, setting up a makeshift shelter to protect ourselves from the elements. Although I was tired, it reminded me of how the patriarchs of faith were said to set up tents as they sojourned during their time. The many teachings I was taught when I was in Sunday School about being pilgrims on earth came rushing back. Customarily, when I arrive at a new place, I can’t sleep; it takes a while to acclimatize. But as I was thoroughly tired, I slept off. As I emerged from my tent at 3 AM, I saw figures standing on the cliff, their silhouettes illuminated by the flickering flames of a fire that crackled and spat in the darkness. The fire cast a warm, golden glow on the surrounding rocks, and the smell of wood smoke and damp earth wafted through the air, transporting me to a place both familiar and unknown. They stood vigilant, their eyes scanning the horizon. I later learned that these were the soldiers who kept watch over the community, ever ready to defend against potential threats. This reminded me of the watchmen in the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah. It also reminded me of the five wise virgins who had their lamps burning, emphasizing the importance of vigilance. I saw figures standing on the cliff, their silhouettes illuminated by the flickering flames of a fire that crackled and spat in the darkness. Adeleye M Oni Chapter 4: The History, Culture, and Traditions of the Koma People The Koma people’s unique culture and traditions are a fascinating aspect of their identity. To truly understand this enigmatic tribe, it’s essential to delve into their rich cultural heritage. The Koma people are an indigenous hill-dwelling ethnic group residing in the Alantika Mountains of northern Adamawa State, Nigeria, and in Northern Cameroon. Their official discovery in 1986 by a

Project 2 Caring for Others: A Journey of Growth and Transformation Introduction: The Heart of Caregiving Overview: Highlight the timeless and universal act of caregiving, emphasizing its presence in history, religious traditions, and contemporary society. Caregiving is a timeless act central to human societies throughout history. In medieval times, religious institutions often carried out caregiving, where monks and nuns provided shelter, healing, and compassion to the sick and needy. The Bible, too, offers profound examples of caregiving, such as the story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), which highlights the call to care for others regardless of personal cost. These narratives show that caregiving is about meeting physical needs and embodying love, mercy, and empathy. In contemporary society, caregiving has taken on diverse forms, from professional roles in healthcare to informal acts of support among friends and family. While the contexts have changed, the essence of caregiving remains the same—a deep connection to our shared humanity. It is an act that transcends cultural, temporal, and social barriers, reminding us of our interdependence. From a leadership perspective, caregiving is more than a personal virtue; it is an essential skill. Effective leaders recognize the importance of emotional intelligence, empathy, and the ability to support others through difficult times. Leadership is not just about guiding people toward goals; it is also about being present in moments of vulnerability and providing a foundation of trust and encouragement. As Desmond Tutu’s Ubuntu philosophy teaches, “My humanity is bound up in yours.” Leaders who embrace caregiving embody this interconnectedness, creating environments where individuals feel valued, supported, and empowered. This project explores caregiving through a personal narrative of supporting my friend Michael during profound heartbreak and loss. It reflects on the lessons learned, the personal growth I experienced, and how caregiving has influenced my approach as a leader and collaborator. Medieval Monks And Nuns Offering Care The Role of the Church in Caregiving The church has historically been a pillar of caregiving in society, offering holistic support that addresses physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Rooted in Christ’s teaching to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Mark 12:31), the church’s caregiving mission spans centuries and continues to evolve to meet modern challenges. 1. Caregiving for the Broken and Emotionally Depressed Churches often provide emotional healing through pastoral care, prayer groups, and spiritual mentorship. o  Statistics: According to studies, nearly 40% of people in emotional distress seek help from a pastor or church leader before considering professional therapy. o  Example: Programs like Celebrate Recovery, a Christ-centered recovery group, have reached millions worldwide, providing emotional and spiritual support to individuals battling depression, addiction, or past traumas. . 2. Counseling Services 3. Bereavement Care o  Impact: Studies show that individuals involved in church-based bereavement programs report higher emotional and spiritual resilience levels. o  Example: Programs like GriefShare, a global church-based grief support group, have helped millions navigate loss. 4. Aid to the Homeless o  Statistics: A 2023 National Faith-Based Housing Network survey found that over 60% of church programs directly assist homeless individuals through food drives, shelter operations, or employment training. o  Example: The Catholic Church’s St. Vincent de Paul Society and Protestant initiatives like Room in the Inn are models of effective homeless outreach. 5. Feeding the Hungry and Providing Material Aid o  Impact: Data from Bread for the World indicates that faith-based organizations provide over 40% of the food aid distributed in the U.S. annually. o  Example: Soup kitchens, food pantries, and seasonal donation drives (e.g., Operation Christmas Child) exemplify this work. Churches also extend aid globally through initiatives like World Vision or Samaritan’s Purse. 6. Other Acts of Caregiving Contemporary Figures Who Shaped My Understanding of Caregiving In addition to the biblical and philosophical perspectives, my journey of caregiving and being cared for has been profoundly shaped by the actions of contemporary figures. Through their acts of selflessness, empathy, and dedication, these individuals have profoundly influenced my understanding of caregiving. Three individuals stand out, including my mother, whose caregiving has had a lasting impact on my life. 1. My Mother: The Foundation of Care The most significant influence on my understanding of caregiving has been my mother. I witnessed her unwavering commitment to caring for those around her from a young age. Whether tending to our family’s needs, offering a listening ear to friends, or helping those in her community, my mother demonstrated a deep, unconditional love and support that shaped my approach to care. Her ability to balance empathy with practical backing taught me that caregiving is not just about meeting someone’s immediate needs but also about being a source of emotional stability and resilience. My mother’s caregiving was not limited to our family; it extended to the broader community. I recall how she would take time to visit neighbors who were ill, provide food for older people, or sit with those grieving. Her caregiving approach was holistic, focusing on the emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being of others. This comprehensive approach is something I strive to emulate in my caregiving practices today. Details: Her holistic approach to caregiving and the emotional stability she provided 2. Michael: The Power of Compassionate Friendship Michael, my dear friend, also significantly shaped my understanding of caregiving, though in a different capacity. When he went through a devastating heartbreak and emotional collapse, I had the opportunity to care for him during one of the most challenging times in his life. His experience of profound loss and grief revealed to me the importance of simply being present. In his darkest moments, what he needed most was not someone to solve his problems but someone who would stand by him, offering empathy and encouragement. Through this experience, I learned that caregiving often provides a safe space for people to process their emotions rather than offering quick fixes or solutions. Michael’s vulnerability and openness to care deeply impacted me, teaching me the value of emotional presence in caregiving. It became clear that the most effective way to care for others is to show up with